英语倒装句的用法归纳(什么时候英语要进行倒装啊?为什么要倒装啊……怎么倒装啊)

倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要.英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒.

倒装有两种In came a man with a white beard.

只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion).如

倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题.

例2 No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨.

例2So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌.

例2 They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了.一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上.

例2

Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画.

再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序.

例1A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.

B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.

地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去.

从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭.因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果.

2. 以表语开头的句子

Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子.

3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡.如down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外).如:

Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了.

Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去.

Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!

Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!

以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采.但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚.

“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...

“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )

作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people.从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面.

倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段.倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益.因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力.