就近原则和就远原则有哪些(英语中什么时候遵循就近原则和就远原则)

一、就近原则：

　　由or, either„or, neither„or, not„ but„, not only„but also等连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。如：

　　He or I am in the wrong, 他或是我错了。

　　Neither you nor he is tired. 你和他都没累。

　　Not you but I am to blame. 不该怪你而该怪我。

　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。

　　Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。

　　但在非正式文体中，有时也一律用复数谓语（注：在考试时最好避免使用）。如：

　　Neither Ted nor Mark are wrong. 特德和马克都没有错。

　　If either David or Janet come, they will want a drink. 大卫或珍妮特来了的话，是会要喝酒的。

　　二、就远原则

　　当用作主语的成分后面跟有由but, except, besides, including, like, with, as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, in addition to, combined with, rather than, together with等引出的短语时，谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致（即与比较远的那个主语保持一致，简称“就远原则”）。如：

　　Everybody except you is down on me. 除了你，大家都看不起我。

　　A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。

　　John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 约翰，而不是他的室友，应该受到责备。

　　Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。

　　My father, no less than I, is a base-ball fan. 我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷。